Thursday, June 20, 2024

1) A Prabowo presidency will be good for Australian interests


2) Melanesian Spearhead Group declares Papua stable, conducive region 
3) Explainer: How Indonesia's deforestation persists despite moratorium 



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https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/prabowo-presidency-will-be-good-australian-interests#msdynttrid=y8tDH20tB9BPFd1DiBrKmisb8MDilrhMQilZoClsyzQ

1) A Prabowo presidency will be good for Australian interests

MAX WALDEN 

Even though it might not be so for Indonesia’s democracy.


Published 20 Jun 2024  Indonesia Australia    Follow @maxwalden_

The world’s largest single-day elections, held in February 2024, granted Prabowo Subianto his long-held dream of becoming Indonesian president. Having served as Indonesian defence minister since 2019 under one-time opponent Joko “Jokowi” Widodo, and as the son-in-law of late dictator Suharto, Prabowo is no stranger to elite politics. His father served as a minister under Indonesia’s first president Sukarno as well as Suharto.

Prabowo’s controversial record as a special forces commander is well documented. His rebrand as a cuddly grandpa figure during the 2024 election campaign may not last long. Much has been made of his famous temper.

Fears that Prabowo will set Indonesia’s democracy backwards are not unfounded. He has long advocated a return to the 1945 Constitution, which would strip Indonesian citizens of the right to directly elect their presidents. During the 2024 election campaign, Prabowo repeatedly goaded journalists. At one event he warned media workers: “Be careful, we take note of everything you do.”

His track record in the military and ultranationalist tub thumping understandably makes minorities nervous, particularly ethnic Chinese Indonesians and Papuans. Relations with Timor-Leste under his presidency may not flourish.

However, Prabowo’s interest in foreign relations and promoting himself abroad as a respectable statesman is longstanding.

In stark contrast with Jokowi, Prabowo is comfortable and eloquent speaking English, whether being interviewed on television by foreign media networks or speaking in high-level diplomatic settings, as he did a fortnight ago at the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore and last week at an emergency forum on humanitarian aid for Gaza hosted by Jordan.

Where Jokowi often leaned on pop-culture references, once likening the bilateral relationship with Australia to assembled strength of Marvel superhero characters in a speech to the Australian parliament, Prabowo speaks with sophistication on issues of international import.

When I reported on the 2019 presidential elections, Prabowo’s Gerindra Party had a dedicated media officer for foreign journalists – top of her class at Boston University, I was told – who provided near-daily updates in English and was highly responsive to inquiries. Senior staffers from the PDIP meanwhile (then Jokowi’s party and the most electorally successful party in recent decades) did not even respond to my media requests sent in Bahasa Indonesia.

As defence minister, Prabowo visited China regularly. His first foreign visit as president-elect was to Beijing where he met President Xi Jinping, which raised some eyebrows in Western capitals. Yet on the same trip, Prabowo also visited Japan and Malaysia. Given China and Japan are top trade partners and investors in Indonesia, the choice of destinations made sense. Prabowo pledged to strengthen security ties with both.

Prabowo is nothing if not a fierce patriot. It is almost impossible to imagine he will stray from Indonesia’s bebas aktif or “independent and active” diplomatic doctrine, which has dominated since the phrase was first uttered by vice president Mohammad Hatta in 1948. In a Cold War context, that meant the freedom to build relationships with both the Soviet bloc and US-led Western powers. It means much the same today, with China in place of the USSR.

“It’s our tradition, it’s our history that we do not want to belong to any blocs, especially military alliances. Our guiding philosophy is to be friends with all countries,” Prabowo said in an interview with Al Jazeera last month. Regarding tensions with Beijing in the South China Sea, he said: “By diplomacy, by negotiations – what I call the Asian way – we have defused a lot of situations.”

At the same time, Indonesia is pushing to join the OECD. Prabowo plans to modernise the Indonesian military with mostly Western arms and equipment.

Writing of Suharto’s “unsung legacy” upon the late dictator’s death in 2008, former Labor prime minister Paul Keating observed that had Suharto’s New Order not “displaced” Sukarno and the Indonesian communist party, “communist-dominated Indonesia would have destabilised Australia and all of Southeast Asia”.

“Indonesia has been at the fulcrum of our strategic stability,” Keating declared. Political leaders today are similarly pragmatic.

Successive Australian governments have shown comfort dealing with strongman leaders, so long as they are not strategic rivals. Think, for example, of Prime Minister Anthony Albanese declaring Narendra Modi “the boss”, despite the Indian prime minister’s overt hostility to religious minorities, political opponents and the press. Or Australia’s warm relations with the deeply repressive government of Vietnam.

Prabowo’s time in the presidential palace is widely expected to be bad for the health of Indonesian democracy. But in an era of heightened geopolitical tension in the Asia Pacific, where Australia desires stability and diversified trade relations, the next five years will likely prove a boon for ties between Canberra and Jakarta.
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2) Melanesian Spearhead Group declares Papua stable, conducive region 
 June 19, 2024 11:39 GMT+700

Jakarta (ANTARA) - The Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) visited Indonesia's Papua and observed that the easternmost region of the country is generally in a stable and conducive region, allowing its people's socio-economic activities run properly.

Usman Kansong, Head of Indonesia's Task Force for Public Communication on Papua's Welfare, lauded MSG Director General Leonard Louma and Executive Advisor Christopher Nisbert for having a first hand review of the efforts made by the Indonesian government to develop the region.

"Their visit constitutes a positive step and deserves an appreciation, as two MSG leaders directly witnessed the real condition in the Land of Bird of Paradise," he noted in a statement received in Jakarta on Wednesday.

Director General Louma and Executive Adviser Nisbert during a visit to Jayapura City, Papua Province, on Monday (June 17) commended the real condition in the region.

The two figures shared the same view that Indonesia, an associate member of the MSG, had been demonstrating good practices in the management of its border areas.

They said it would be better for MSG member states to emulate the steps taken by Indonesia to properly manage borders in an effort to thwart illegal activities, such those recurring in the borders between Vanuatu and Solomon Islands.

Moreover, the two Melanesian figures noted that they view Indonesia's major role in the ASEAN as determinant and crucial to the interests of MSG member states.

Director General Louma remarked that he would endorse plantation cooperation among MSG states by involving Indonesia in various projects, including a vanilla plantation program in Vanuatu and Solomon Islands.

Related news: Indonesia's TNI reclaims Central Papua's sub-district from insurgents

Standing among the world's largest vanilla producers alongside Papua New Guinea, Indonesia can help MSG states penetrate ASEAN's vanilla market, he said, adding that the MSG genuinely seeks to boost Indonesia's involvement in the Melanesian sub-region.

Louma also made the most of his visit to Papua to explore educational cooperation potential between the MSG and Indonesia. In this regard, the two parties aimed for exchanges of pupils, college students, and lecturers.

Meanwhile, an Expert Staff at the Presidential Staff Office (KSP) Theo Litaay opined that the visit of MSG's representatives to Indonesia would bring positive impacts on the sub-region's economic, socio-cultural, and political aspects.

"Cooperation in this sub-region can stimulate economic growth in the Pacific as a whole. Countries in this sub-region will be able to take advantage of Southeast Asia's economic growth and use it as a catalyst for their development," he remarked.

Earlier, the MSG delegation arrived in an area bordering Papua Province's Skouw and Papua New Guinea's Wutung at 10 a.m. local time after taking a road trip from Port Moresby.

The entourage was then personally greeted by Indonesian Consul Alexander Tangkuman in the Skouw Cross-border Post.

Officials from Papua Province's Border and Cooperation Agency then picked up Louma and Nisbert to continue their trip to Jayapura City to have a first hand impression on Papua's development.

Related news: Govt says committed to protecting forests in Papua

Related news: Papuan people's councils voice support for Nusantara's development

Translator: Livia K, Tegar Nurfitra
Editor: Yuni Arisandy Sinaga



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3) Explainer: How Indonesia's deforestation persists despite moratorium 
By Bernadette Christina
June 20, 2024 4:34 PM GMT+10Updated 34 min ago    

JAKARTA, June 20 (Reuters) - Indonesia's Awyu tribe of the Papua region has filed a case to the Supreme Court seeking to cancel permits for palm oil concessions on thousands of hectares of rainforest over which it has ancestral rights.
The world's biggest producer and exporter of palm oil, Indonesia has pledged to clean the image of the multi-billion dollars industry which is often accused by environmentalists of causing widespread deforestation.
Indonesia is home to the world's third-largest tropical rainforest and accounts for 60% the world's supplies of palm oil which is used in food products as well as a fuel.

WHAT ARE INDONESIA'S RULES ON DEFORESTATION?

In an effort to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, Indonesia stopped issuing permits to clear forests and peatlands in 2011 for 8 years. In 2019, President Joko Widodo made the moratorium permanent in an aim to protect 
Indonesia's 66 million hectares (254,827 square miles) of forests and peatlands.

The president also imposed a moratorium on permits for new palm oil plantations in 2018, intended to stop deforestation amid backlash from consumers worried about the environmental impact of palm estates replacing rain forests.
The palm oil moratorium expired in 2021, but Jokowi pledged not to issue new permits for palm oil plantations.
In the same year, the government ordered an evaluation of the existing permits, with an aim to revoke permission if concessions are found in areas with forest cover.

Local conservation group Auriga Nusantara in 2022 estimated that around 2.4 million hectares of rain forests were part the total land which was allocated for developing palm oil estates.
Now that Jokowi is leaving office soon, the group is worried that the next administration might not honour the moratorium as it was not drafted into law. "This case in Papua could spread to other areas," said Roni Saputra from the group.

HOW DO RULES IMPACT THE CASE AGAINST COMPANIES IN PAPUA?

Permits for the "Tanah Merah Project" concessions in Papua were issued between 2011 and 2013, prior to recent efforts to conserve pristine forests. But due to the 2021 evaluation, these permits were revoked in January 2022.
Several companies behind the concessions brought this revocation to the court, launching a legal battle that has now reached the Supreme Court where the Awyu tribe is contesting for the revocation to be upheld.
While the central government in Jakarta remains steadfast that these permits should be cancelled, the Papua provincial government in 2021 granted Indo Asiana Lestari (IAL) permission to cultivate land and build mills, a few months after the palm oil moratorium lapsed.
Papua government representatives were not available to comment on the matter.
Supreme Court judges are expected to decide on the cases jointly this month, a lawyer for the Woro clan of the Awyu tribe told Reuters.

WHAT IS THE CURRENT RATE OF DEFORESTATION IN INDONESIA?

Indonesia's deforestation rate has fallen between 2019 to 2022, according to the latest available data provided by environment ministry.
In the 2021/2022 period, 119,400 hectares of forests were cleared, more than a fifth of the average size of deforested areas between 2013 and 2020.
However, green groups said forest and peatland clearance to make way for plantations, including for palm oil, remained a practice despite a global outcry over environmental damage.
Some 52,000 hectares of forests were converted into plantations between 2022 and 2023, according to data from Nusantara Atlas, an independent organisation tracking deforestation in Indonesia.
The total size of palm plantation has also continued to expand despite the plantation permit moratorium. The total size of Indonesia's palm oil plantations reached 17.3 million hectares in the latest land mapping survey this year, up from 14.32 million hectares in 2018.
Green groups said they fear the government's ambitious biofuel targets may continue to drive expansion in palm oil plantations.
Palm oil producers group GAPKI said Indonesia may need to expand the plantation area as output stagnated while replanting progress remained slow, however such expansion should only be done in degraded areas without clearing forests, the group said.

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Reporting by Bernadette Christina; editing by Naveen Thukral and Miral Fahmy
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