2) Indigenous community faces criminalization and land seizures as Merauke Food Estate Project advances
3) Police officers intimidate indigenous community in Sayosa Timur, Sorong
4) Constitutional court rejects formal review of controversial TNI Law despite strong dissent
Update: Komnas HAM investigates Jubi Molotov Attack as case remains unresolved after 1 year
6) Shooting of a bystander during protest against the transfer of political prisoners in Sorong
1) Arbitrary arrests and restriction of peaceful assembly in Jayapura
Human rights analysis
Location: CGJ4+W2W, Jln.mahkal;),;Pasar Lama, Hinekombe, Kec. Sentani, Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua 99352, Indonesia (-2.567648, 140.5050644) pasar Lama Sentani (Old Sentani Market)
Region: Indonesia, Papua, Jayapura Regency, Sentani
Total number of victims: 13
# | Number of Victims | Name, Details | Gender | Age | Group Affiliation | Violations |
1. | 13 | male | unknown | Activist, Indigenous Peoples |
Perpetrator: , POLRES
2) Indigenous community faces criminalization and land seizures as Merauke Food Estate Project advances
Mr Vinsen Kwipalo stops PT MNM excavators from destroying the Kwipalo clan’s customary forest, 17 September 2025
Mr Vinsen Kwipalo and supporters in front of the Merauke District Police Station, 2 October 2025
Location: Jagebob, Merauke Regency, South Papua, Indonesia (-7.9103659, 140.7624493)Kwipalo customary land in Jagebob District
Region: Indonesia, South Papua, Merauke, Jagebob
Total number of victims: dozens
# | Number of Victims | Name, Details | Gender | Age | Group Affiliation | Violations |
1. | 1 | Vincent Kipalo | male | elderly | Human Rights Defender (HRD), Indigenous Peoples | |
2. | dozens | mixed | unknown | Indigenous Peoples |
Perpetrator: Private Company, Government
Issues: business, human rights and FPIC, human rights defenders, indigenous peoples
3) Police officers intimidate indigenous community in Sayosa Timur, Sorong
Human rights analysis
Location: Sailala, Sayosa, Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua, Indonesia (-0.8885098, 131.8600768) Sailala Village
Region: Indonesia, Southwest Papua, Sorong, Sayosa
Total number of victims: dozens
# | Number of Victims | Name, Details | Gender | Age | Group Affiliation | Violations |
1. | dozens | mixed | unknown | Indigenous Peoples |
Perpetrator: , Mobile Brigades (BRIMOB)
4) Constitutional court rejects formal review of controversial TNI Law despite strong dissent
5) Update: Komnas HAM investigates Jubi Molotov Attack as case remains unresolved after 1 year
6) Shooting of a bystander during protest against the transfer of political prisoners in Sorong
Human rights & legal analysis
A bullet (ledt) and bullet shells (right) that protesters reportedly found at the protest site in Sorong
Mr Welerubun, shortly after being shot on 27 August 2025, and after receiving medical first aid
Location: Sorong, Sorong City, West Papua, Indonesia (-0.8761629, 131.255828) Sorong Manoi District Office
Region: Indonesia, Southwest Papua, Sorong City, Sorong Kota
Total number of victims: 1
# | Number of Victims | Name, Details | Gender | Age | Group Affiliation | Violations |
1. | 1 | Maikel Welerubun | male | 0 | Day Labourer | ill-treatment, right to life |
Perpetrator: Indonesian Security Forces
Issues: security force violence
Maj. Gen. Lucky Avianto, commander of the Joint Task Force Habema, said the rebels died during a clash in Soanggama village, Hitadipa subdistrict.
The village served as a base for the West Papua National Liberation Army unit Kodap VIII/Soanggama, led by Undius Kogoya.
“The group used Soanggama as a base to plan repeated attacks against civilians and security personnel,” Avianto said.
Authorities recovered a homemade firearm, four air rifles, ammunition, and other evidence at the site.
Among the dead were Agus Kogoya, Kodap VIII’s operations chief, and gunmen Ipe Kogoya and Zakaria Kogoya. Two bodies remain unidentified.
Military intelligence linked the separatists to violent incidents this year, including attacks in Soanggama on March 28; Zonogo on April 14; Titigi on April 30 and May 1; Sugapa on May 27; Mamba Bawah on August 8; and Gamagai Ugimba on October 12.
They were also tied to fatal shootings of civilians Michael Wattimena on March 18; Joni Hendra on July 25; and Anselmus Arfin, a company employee, on October 8.
Papuan separatists have intensified attacks across Indonesia’s easternmost provinces in recent years, targeting civilians, workers, and security forces in a campaign of violence aimed at spreading fear and undermining state authority.
Armed groups linked to the Free Papua Movement (OPM) have frequently used hit-and-run tactics against Indonesian troops and staged assaults on civilians in districts such as Intan Jaya, Nduga, Yahukimo, and Puncak.
Targets have included construction workers, motorcycle taxi (ojek) drivers, teachers, students, food vendors, and civilian aircraft crews.
Notable incidents include December 2, 2018: Rebels killed 31 workers from PT Istaka Karya building the Trans Papua highway in Kali Yigi and Kali Aurak, Yigi Subdistrict, Nduga District.
March 2, 2022: Eight technicians from Palaparing Timur Telematika (PTT) were shot dead in Beoga Subdistrict, Puncak District, while repairing a Telkomsel telecom tower.
February 7, 2023: New Zealand pilot Phillip Mark Mehrtens was taken hostage by an armed group led by Egianus Kogoya after landing a Susi Air flight in Nduga District. His aircraft was then set on fire.
October 16, 2023: Separatists attacked gold miners in Yahukimo District, Highland Papua Province, killing seven.
November 25, 2023: Four Indonesian soldiers died in a gunfight with rebels in Paro Subdistrict, Nduga District.
January 19, 2024: Security forces clashed with an armed group in Intan Jaya District, Central Papua. Brimob paramilitary police officer Alfando Steve Karamoy was injured by gunfire.
April 10, 2024: Second Lieutenant Oktovianus Sogalrey, commander of the 1703-04 Aradide Subdistrict Military Command, was shot and killed in Paniai District, Central Papua.
April 2025: Sixteen illegal gold miners were shot dead by an armed group in Yahukimo District, Highland Papua.
October 6, 2025: TPNPB commander Mayu Waliya was killed in a clash with Joint Task Force Habema in Lanny Jaya District.
Related news: Papuan rebel leader killed in Highland Papua
Related news: Police, army deployed at Papua hospital after rebel threat: official
Translator: Evarukdijati, Rahmad Nasution
Editor: Primayanti
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