Wednesday, December 31, 2025

1) Victim-activated explosive devices in Yahukimo – One Papuan civilian injured while working in his garden

 


2) Prabowo’s palm oil expansion plans for West Papua raise Indigenous rights concerns

3) Building Better Foundations for Young Learners in West Papua
4) Papua tightens border checks ahead of 2026 new year to stop drugs

5) Amnesty Reports 5,538 Arbitrary Arrests, Abuses During Indonesia Protests in 2025



-------------------------------------

1) Victim-activated explosive devices in Yahukimo – One Papuan civilian injured while working in his garden

On 23 December 2025, forty-year-old Papuan civilian, Mr Agus Magayang, suffered fatal blast injuries after allegedly stepping on a victim-activated explosive device placed on a civilian path used for daily movement between gardens and homes in the Jalan Gunung area of Dekai District, Yahukimo Regency, Papua Pegunungan province. Mr Magayang is an indigenous civilian displaced by armed conflict and security operations in the area. The incident raises serious concerns relating to the use of prohibited or indiscriminate weapons, the failure to protect civilians, including the endangerment and destruction of civilian property.
According to the victim’s wife and witnesses, the security situation in the Jalan Gunung area deteriorated following an exchange of fire on 13 December 2025 between the West Papua National Liberation Army (TPNPB) and Indonesian security forces (TNI–POLRI). Following the clash, Indonesian forces reportedly intensified operations in and around civilian residential areas. A dozen civilian houses were reportedly damaged as security forces returned and indiscriminately opened fire in the residential area. Security force members killed livestock and devastated houses (see photos and videos below: source: independent HRD).
On 23 December 2025, Mr Magayang and his wife, together with other family members, went to their garden in the Jalan Gunung area to harvest crops for the upcoming Christmas celebration. Upon arriving at the garden, Mr Magayang’s wife and other relatives began digging up sweet potatoes while Mr Magayang wanted to work in a nearby garden. On the way back, he allegedly stepped on a device planted on the path, triggering an explosion. Witnesses reported hearing a loud blast and the victim’s screams. Family members reportedly ran to the location and found him lying on the ground with severe injuries. It is alleged that military members planted multiple devices around homes, gardens, and civilian activity routes in the area.
He was then evacuated to Dekai Regional General Hospital for medical assistance. Mr Agus Magayang sustained wounds to the head, right thigh, left hand, and abdomen as a result of the explosion. After admission to the hospital, he received only basic medical treatment because medical personnel were not fully available due to the Christmas holidays. The treatment was reportedly limited to wound cleaning and physical examination. These circumstances raise concerns about the availability and quality of urgent emergency care for critically injured persons.

Human rights analysis

From a human rights perspective, the alleged placement of victim-activated explosive devices on routes used by civilians would be incompatible with the fundamental obligation to protect civilians and to distinguish at all times between civilians and combatants. Devices that detonate by the presence, proximity, or contact of a person are inherently indiscriminate when emplaced on civilian paths, particularly in or near residential areas and subsistence gardens.
These devices are incapable of reliably targeting a specific lawful military objective and may seriously harm civilians. Such conduct would raise acute concerns under Indonesia’s obligations to respect and ensure the right to life, to prevent foreseeable harm to civilians such as enshrined in Article 6 of the International Covenant on civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) on the right to life and the state duty to protect life,  as well as Article 7 of the ICCPR regarding torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. The security operations in Dekai on 13 December put civilian residents at serious risk of being injured, with bullets piercing through the walls of residential houses. Moreover, the planting of victim-activated explosive devices near gardens is in line with a wider pattern of security operations in West Papua being conducted with insufficient regard for civilian protection and human rights.
Indonesia joined the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention on 16 February 2007, when it ratified the Mine Ban Treaty. The Convention entered into force for the country on 1 August 2007, binding Indonesia to absolute obligations: never to use, develop, produce, acquire, stockpile, retain, or transfer anti-personnel mines, and to destroy existing stockpiles. If substantiated, the allegations would constitute violations of the Convention’s core prohibitions and transparency obligations, raising serious questions about treaty implementation, national enforcement measures, and the protection of civilians in conflict-affected areas.
Human Rights Monitor calls for an immediate, impartial, and effective investigation into the incident, including clarification of the weapon type, the location and circumstances of emplacement, the chain of command and potential command responsibility, and the identification of those responsible for any unlawful conduct. Authorities must take urgent steps to protect civilians by securing, surveying, marking, and clearing suspected hazardous areas in and around the Jalan Gunung area of Dekai City, with transparent risk communication to local communities.

Mr Agus Magayang during medical treatment at the Dekai Regional General Hospital on 23 December 2025


Security forces devastated houses and left behind bullet shells and a hand grenade, following an armed clash in Dekai on 13 December 2025

Detailed Case Data
Location: Dekai, Yahukimo regency, Highland Papua, Indonesia (-4.8638158, 139.4837298) Jalan Gunung, Dekai District
Region: Indonesia, Highland Papua, Yahukimo, Dekai
Total number of victims: 1
#Number of VictimsName, DetailsGenderAgeGroup AffiliationViolations
1.Agus Magayang
male40 Indigenous Peoplesill-treatment, right to life
Period of incident: 12/12/2025 – 23/12/2025
Perpetrator: , Indonesian Security Forces
Issues: indigenous peoples, security force violence


——————————————————————————


2) Prabowo’s palm oil expansion plans for West Papua raise Indigenous rights concerns

On 16 December 2025, Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto announced plans to expand palm oil plantations across West Papua as part of a broader strategy to achieve energy self-sufficiency within five years. Speaking at a joint briefing with regional heads from across West Papua at the State Palace in Jakarta, Prabowo declared that palm oil, along with sugar cane and cassava, would be cultivated to produce biofuels and ethanol, potentially saving Indonesia hundreds of trillions of rupiah in fuel imports.
Environmental and human rights groups have strongly criticised the plan, warning that indigenous Papuans will bear the brunt of its consequences. According to Indonesian NGO Sawit Watch, palm oil plantations in West Papua had already reached the environmental carrying capacity threshold of 290,837 hectares by 2022, with 75,308 hectares located in primary forests and conservation areas. Greenpeace Indonesia described Prabowo’s approach as reflecting “colonial logic,” considering West Papua as empty land to be filled by state projects while ignoring the sovereignty of indigenous communities over their ancestral lands. Following the announcement of Prabowo’s plans, Greenpeace Indonesia released a documentary that elaborates on the potential environmental threats the project poses to primary rainforests and indigenous communities.  
Research conducted by academics at Gadjah Mada University has documented how existing palm oil operations have already disrupted indigenous livelihoods, creating what researchers term “a system of structural poverty.” In areas such as Boven Digoel and Merauke, communities have lost access to traditional sago hamlets and hunting grounds, forcing them to purchase food they once gathered freely. Indigenous workers employed on plantations face precarious labour conditions. They have been promised monthly salaries of around Rp 4 million (about € 200) but required to meet demanding daily targets of 60-120 kilograms, with no formal contracts or workplace protections.
The Pusaka Foundation has identified 94 palm oil companies operating in West Papua, with concessions covering a total of 1.3 million hectares. In Merauke, an existing food self-sufficiency project has already destroyed over 22,680 hectares of natural forest and triggered social conflicts and flooding. Critics note that approval processes frequently bypass the principle of free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC), reducing indigenous consultation to a mere formality and positioning Papuan communities as obstacles rather than rights-holders.

Military-backed deforestation in Merauke Regency

The situation in Merauke has become particularly alarming, with Indonesia deploying military forces to accelerate land clearing for a massive state-backed agricultural project. According to a Financial Times investigation, five battalions have been stationed in West Papua to support food security initiatives, with soldiers directly involved in forest clearing, operating heavy equipment, and overseeing the eviction of residents from their traditional lands. Between May 2024 and November 2025, more than 40,000 hectares were cleared at a rapid pace, with soldiers posting videos on TikTok posing with excavators and conducting regular patrols. Affected indigenous community members report that the military has been actively involved since the forest clearing began, disregarding the principle of Free, Prior, Informed Consent (FPIC) enshrined in international human rights treaties and national law.  
The scale of planned development is staggering. The government intends to cultivate rice and sugar cane on three million hectares (see photo on top, source: Pusaka). This area equals five times the size of London, encompassing primary forests, grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands. A Greenpeace report released in December 2025 revealed that 560,000 hectares have been designated for sugar cane plantations alone, of which 419,000 hectares consist of natural forest. A government-sanctioned feasibility study acknowledged that development would overlap with protected forests, wildlife sanctuaries, and nature reserves, resulting in increased temperatures, disruption to water systems, and soil degradation, while generating an estimated 315 million tonnes of carbon emissions. Independent groups forecast emissions could be more than double that figure. The project is being led by coal miner and palm oil producer, Jhonlin Group, and the Merauke Sugar Group. US chocolate maker Hershey has since suspended both companies from its supplier list due to their involvement.
Indigenous communities in Merauke are facing the immediate consequences. Flooding has already struck areas around the concessions in Jagebob, Tanah Miring, Muting, and Eligobel Districts, submerging agricultural land and residential areas. On 18 December 2025, Greenpeace Indonesia and young Papuan activists held a protest outside the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs in Jakarta, erecting an installation reading “STOP PSN” and carrying banners declaring “Papua is not an empty land.” Among the protesters was Vincen Kwipalo from the Yei indigenous community, who had recently been summoned for police questioning after reporting alleged plantation crimes and the theft of his clan’s traditional territory.
A coalition of civil society organisations has called on President Prabowo to withdraw his statement and halt extractive projects destroying West Papua’s forests. Critics call on the government to focus on intensifying existing plantations and investing in genuinely sustainable energy sources such as micro-hydro and solar power. The Indonesian Biology Consortium urged, the recent ecological disaster in Sumatra, where deforestation contributed to flooding that killed over 1,000 people, should serve as a stark warning against repeating such policies in West Papua.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/stories/building-better-foundations-young-learners-west-papua

 

3) Building Better Foundations for Young Learners in West Papua

 

Tackling barriers to improve early childhood education 

Article UNICEF Indonesia

English Bahasa Indonesia 

30 December 2025 

 

 

On a windy afternoon in Pegunungan Arfak district, West Papua province, five-year-old Gracia waits by the roadside, her school bag resting near her feet, where a cat twirls playfully. From across the street, her teacher Bertha calls out, “Gracia, be careful when you cross the road!”

Inside the Sinar Hungku Early Childhood Development (ECD) Centre, laughter fills the air. One by one, the children line up and greet Bertha with hi-fives and giggles – a ritual that marks the start of learning at the centre.

“A good day is when I arrive at school and the children greet me with smiles and warm hellos,” Bertha shares, embracing the children as the cool breeze sweeps through. “It becomes a source of motivation for me, to be more enthusiastic in delivering lessons and organizing activities.” 

 

UNICEF/UNI920441/Chair

While the scene is lively today, the school is not always bustling with activity. Attendance fluctuates and sometimes dips significantly. Classrooms are often left empty due to harsh weather, children needing to join their parents in the fields to work, and absent teachers.

“There are not many teachers, and when they face obstacles or family matters, there’s no one else available to step in and take their place,” Bertha explains, her eyes reflecting deep concern.

 

 

UNICEF/UNI920428/Chair

 

As of 2024, only three of every five ECD centres in Pegunungan Arfak operate consistently throughout the school year. Many have intermittent closures due to staffing shortages or weather disruptions. Other schools throughout West Papua face similar challenges.

Teacher capacity is a major concern – most educators lack formal training in early childhood pedagogy, making it difficult to deliver effective, interactive lessons. Student participation has declined over the years. There is also a lack of assessment tools to evaluate learning outcomes for children with disabilities.

UNICEF/UNI920535/Chair

 

This uncertainty – never knowing when schools may reopen – leaves parents anxious. Yet, even as their hopes for their children’s future hang in the balance, many remain invested. “My hope is for my children to have a future that’s brighter [than mine],” says David, Gracia’s father, who continues to believe strongly in the value of education.

The stakes are high. Without access to quality, equitable and inclusive education, children miss out on developing their foundational skills, including basic literacy and numeracy. The consequences are long-term: limiting children’s learning and development, diminishing their opportunities for a better future.

To respond to these challenges, UNICEF, in collaboration with the Government of Australia, have partnered with local authorities since 2024 to improve learning in ECD centres across Pegunungan Arfak through the Early Grade Learning programme. 

 

UNICEF/UNI920444/Chair

Efforts focus on building the capacity of teachers in play-based and interactive learning, providing culturally relevant local learning materials, and improving knowledge exchange between teachers in ECD centres and primary schools to help ensure a smoother transition from for students. The programme also empowers parents with skills and knowledge on positive parenting.

 

These joint efforts are making a difference. Teachers report greater confidence in using interactive methods and locally available materials to make lessons more engaging for their students. ECD centres that once struggled with irregular attendance are seeing more consistent participation, thanks to improved classroom practices and stronger support from parents. Parents are expressing a better understanding of the importance of early learning, nutrition and hygiene at home.

 

Local education officials are considering expansion of the approach to more centres across the regency. The district has begun mobilizing resources to strengthen ECD services, including monitoring teacher attendance and encouraging greater parental involvement, while addressing gaps in teacher capacity and learning materials.

We will ensure that more training will be implemented and reach more teachers, so that every child in Pegunungan Arfak can experience quality early learning,” says the Head of the Early Childhood Education Section of the District Education Office.

 

UNICEF/UNI920440/Chair

Among those driving change are teacher facilitators who support both ECD and primary schools. They are helping strengthen teaching skills across subjects through creative and engaging methods.

“Teachers didn’t know there should be a standard operating procedure (SOP) before starting classroom activities,” explains Maria, a facilitator based in the area. “Before, the teachers would simply prepare the students (pick them up at home to help ensure they get to school) and greet them upon entering the classroom.”

 

UNICEF/UNI920619/Chair

 

Maria introduced teachers to new routines to start the day and shared practical techniques using simple, locally sourced materials. “We don’t always have to use numbers written on the board. Sometimes we can use stones, leaves, and other everyday objects to help early childhood students learn to count more easily,” she says. 

UNICEF/UNI920420/Chair

For Bertha, all these efforts – from her own role as a teacher to the work of facilitators and partners – are part of a larger vision. “Early childhood education is very important. As mothers, we hope that these children receive their full rights as children, and that in 20 or 25 years, they will become a generation of remarkable individuals who return to develop the Arfak Mountains, especially our village,” she says.

------------------------------------------------------------



4) Papua tightens border checks ahead of 2026 new year to stop drugs
  December 30, 2025 16:07 GMT+700
Jayapura (ANTARA) - Indonesia’s National Narcotics Agency (BNN) in Papua has stepped up surveillance and inspections along border areas ahead of the 2026 New Year celebrations, seeking to curb marijuana smuggling into the easternmost province.

Papua BNN chief Brigadier General Anang Triwidiandoko said on Tuesday that the agency has intensified monitoring through integrated inspections at key border points, particularly the Skouw crossing in Jayapura city, which authorities consider a high-risk entry route for illegal drugs.

“As the year-end approaches, we are tightening supervision in border areas because Papua remains highly vulnerable to illicit drug trafficking, especially marijuana,” Triwidiandoko told reporters in Jayapura.

He said the move follows directives from BNN headquarters that stress the need to strengthen border controls to protect communities from the threat posed by narcotics.

To bolster enforcement, the agency is coordinating closely with the Skouw Cross-Border Post (PLBN) and deploying joint inspection teams involving the Indonesian military (TNI), national police (Polri), customs and excise officers, and other relevant agencies.

These teams are conducting checks on travelers as well as their luggage and goods.
“Cross-sector coordination is essential to ensure effective supervision and to create a deterrent effect for drug smugglers,” Triwidiandoko said.

Related news: Indonesian troops seize 128 marijuana packs on PNG border

He added that integrated inspection operations will continue on a regular basis, supported by temporary facilities that have been set up in border areas to serve as operational posts for officers on duty.

Looking ahead, the Papua BNN hopes to establish a permanent interdiction service post at the border to further strengthen oversight, particularly along unofficial routes that are often exploited by smugglers.

“Information we have gathered indicates that these illicit activities often involve teenagers,” Triwidiandoko said, underscoring concerns about the impact of drug trafficking on young people.

Papua shares a land border with Papua New Guinea, making it one of Indonesia’s most sensitive regions for cross-border crimes, including narcotics smuggling.

Authorities have repeatedly warned that increased movement of people and goods during holiday periods can heighten the risk of illegal drug flows, prompting tighter security measures ahead of major celebrations.

Related news: PNG national arrested in Jayapura for smuggling 21kg of marijuana

Translator: Qadri Pratiwi, Cindy Frishanti Octavia
Editor: Rahmad Nasution

—————————————————

5) Amnesty Reports 5,538 Arbitrary Arrests, Abuses During Indonesia Protests in 2025

December 31, 2025 | 10:37 am

TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Amnesty International Indonesia reported that at least 5,538 people were arbitrarily arrested, subjected to violence, or exposed to tear gas in 2025 while exercising their right to express opinions in public, amid what the organization described as a growing repressive approach by the state toward public protests.

“Throughout this year alone, 5,538 people were arbitrarily arrested,” Usman Hamid, Executive Director of Amnesty International Indonesia, said in a statement issued on Monday, December 29, 2025.

Amnesty noted that large-scale protests took place between March and August 2025 over a range of issues, including revisions to the Indonesian Military (TNI) Law, labor rights, national strategic projects, and parliamentary benefits.

Rather than engaging in dialogue, authorities were said to have relied on heavy-handed security measures to disperse demonstrators.

According to the organization, law enforcement frequently used excessive force during the protests. Amnesty also documented the deployment of tear gas canisters containing explosive materials during demonstrations in late August, warning that such weapons carried a high risk of causing permanent injuries.

Instead of conducting a thorough evaluation of these incidents, the National Police chief issued Regulation No. 4 of 2025, which Amnesty said loosened restrictions on the use of firearms by police officers.

The group described the regulation as dangerous, arguing that it could further expand opportunities for abuse of power.

“The authoritarian character of the government and parliament is evident in the way these policies are formulated,” Usman said.

Amnesty also raised concerns over the enactment of the revised TNI Law and the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), noting that several provisions could enable arbitrary arrests and broaden the use of coercive measures by law enforcement agencies.

Beyond mass arrests, protesters were also subjected to stigmatization, the organization said. Officials and security forces frequently labeled demonstrators as “anarchists,” “provocateurs,” or even “terrorists.”

In some cases, activists faced prosecution, while alleged perpetrators of violence were not adequately investigated.

“This is a classic tactic used to silence criticism,” Usman added.

Repression, Amnesty said, extended beyond street demonstrations. Throughout 2025, at least 283 human rights defenders were attacked, ranging from criminal charges to attempted murder, with journalists and indigenous communities among the most affected.

Amnesty warned that these patterns point to a serious contraction of civic space in Indonesia. If left unchecked, the organization cautioned, repressive law enforcement practices risk becoming the new norm.

Read: 2025 Is "Human Rights Catastrophe" for Indonesia, Says Amnesty International

---------------------------------------

No comments:

Post a Comment

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.