JAKARTA/SINGAPORE: The death of former Papua governor Lukas Enembe while serving time for graft has sparked criticisms against the beleaguered Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for worsening the man’s health by subjecting him to court trials.
The KPK, however, said that while all charges against Lukas have been dropped owing to his death, the commission reserves the authority to recover all the state financial losses in relation to the former governor’s case.
An expert told CNA that the authorities may recover its assets through various ways, chief among them is to make its claims against Lukas’ estate.
Lukas died on Tuesday (Dec 26) while receiving treatment for kidney failure at Gatot Subroto Army Hospital, the Jakarta Globe reported.
His body will be flown back to Papua early on Thursday amid tightened security measures.
Local media reported that Lukas’ health deteriorated over the last several months even as he was undergoing a series of trials in relation to his corruption case.
Lukas was convicted of bribery and graft worth tens of billions of rupiah related to some infrastructure projects in Papua.
Authorities were also looking into a possible money laundering case against Lukas but local media reported that KPK prosecutors had not yet handed over the case to the court.
In October, Lukas was sentenced to eight years in prison, a fine of 500 million rupiah and ordered to pay 19.8 billion rupiah in state compensation. He would have had to serve an extra four months in jail if he failed to pay the fine and an extra two years if he failed to cough up the sum for the state compensation.
Just earlier this month, the Jakarta High Court rejected his appeal and increased his sentence to 10 years in prison, his fine to 1 billion rupiah and more than doubled the state restitution to over 47 billion rupiah.
Lukas was required to pay the restitution within one month. Otherwise, his property would be confiscated and if the value is insufficient, his prison sentence would be extended for an extra five years.
CLAIMS BY LAWYER
Mr Petrus Bala Pattyona, who was Lukas’ lawyer, told local media that the KPK should be held responsible for his client’s death. He claimed that by Indonesia’s law, those who are sick should not be tried in court.
"Of course, he was sick. According to the law, sick people cannot be tried," he was quoted as saying by Tempo.
Mr Petrus further added that Lukas’ death meant that legal action could no longer be taken against his client.
“The decision that was to be implemented automatically expires because of the defendant’s death,” he said.
The anti-corruption agency itself has been plagued with scandal after its chairman Firli Bahuri was named as a suspect for alleged extortion against a former agriculture minister.
The embattled Firli, who had previously called out Lukas for the latter’s alleged corrupt behaviour and financial extravagance, has since resigned from his post on Dec 21.
The KPK deputy chairman Johanis Tanak maintained on Wednesday that the state can still file a prosecution in the form of compensation from suspects and defendants who have died through their estates.
"The state still has the right to demand compensation for state finances through a civil legal process by filing a civil lawsuit to the district court," Mr Johanis was quoted as saying by Kompas.
CNA has contacted the KPK for comments.
Law expert Gandjar Laksmana Bonaprapta from the University of Indonesia told CNA that under Indonesian law, a case can no longer be investigated “with the loss of the right to prosecute, for example due to the
death of a suspect”.
“If the case is inkracht (can no longer be appealed) and it is ordered that the payment of state financial losses must be paid by the suspect, then under Indonesian law it is possible to demand the payment of state
financial losses from the suspect's estate.
“Officials can also take the state financial losses from the suspect's confiscated assets. However, if the amount of assets seized is insufficient to pay the state financial recovery, then the authorities can demand the estate t
o pay it through the civil court,” said Mr Gandjar.
Meanwhile, criminal law expert Abdul Fickar Hadjar from Trisakti University agreed that civil claims can be made against the Lukas’ estate.
“However, the state must be able to prove that the property controlled by the deceased's family is state property,“ said Mr Fickar.
When contacted, Lukas' lawyer Mr Petrus said that he does not know the basis of the lawsuit should the KPK proceed with it.
"How will the KPK sue Lukas, because all criminal liability has ended with his death," asked Mr Petrus.
He added: "We don't know what format (the KPK will file its civil charges). We are still waiting. Currently, many of Lukas Enembe's belongings are at the KPK and should be returned due to the death of the case because he has died."
TIGHTENED SECURITY MEASURES IN PAPUA
Ahead of Lukas’ burial in Papua, the state police chief Mathius D Fakhiri asked the people of Papua to accept his death, according to Tempo.
Mr Mathius added that the police will provide maximum security upon the arrival of Lukas’ body in Papua, especially at Sentani International Airport in Jayapura.
During the mourning period, Mr Mathius said that the police would carry out security measures while respecting the Papuan culture and beliefs regarding funeral processions.
Lukas was serving his second term as Papua governor when he was arrested by the authorities earlier in January. He was first elected as governor in 2013 during the tenure of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who is
the founder of the Democrat Party.
Lukas’ arrest was met with protests from his supporters - one person died after being shot by the police while three others were injured.
The police headquarters in Papua was also attacked by a mob of his supporters.
His case highlighted the lavish lifestyle of the governor even as resource-rich Papua was widely known as Indonesia’s poorest province.
Despite the corruption case that ensnared him, many praised Lukas for the progress of Papua, one of which was the success of holding the National Sports Week and National Paralympic Sports Week in 2021.
An anti-corruption activist in Papua whom CNA spoke to said that Lukas had been known to “pay close attention to (the needs of) indigenous Papuans”.
The activist, who did not want to be identified, added that many Papuans consider gratuities given out to be a common practice even though “it is a form of corruption”.
“This is due to Papuans' lack of understanding about corruption, so they consider what Lukas did to be normal,” the activist said.
On the reception of the Papuan people ahead of Lukas’ burial, the activist said that the authorities “have gathered at the points where the Highland Papuan tribe lives”.
“Thank God, the pastor at the church where Lukas Enembe worships has appealed to the community not to vandalise anything. He said, 'this Christmas should be enjoyed with a sense of peace, so that whatever happens
must be accepted peacefully’,” said the activist.
Separately, the Papua provincial government has also asked residents and offices in the state to fly the flag at half-mast for three days. This was done in memory of the former governor who died.
His passing was confirmed by the head of the hospital, Lieutenant General Dr. Albertus Budi Sulistya. He told ANTARA that Enembe died at 10:45 a.m. local time.
One of Enembe’s attorneys, Antonius Eko Nugroho, informed that the ex-governor’s body would be flown to Jayapura city, Papua province, on Wednesday evening for the funeral.
“His body is expected to arrive in Jayapura on Thursday (December 28) morning. He will be brought straight to his house in Koya,” Nugroho told ANTARA via a short message in Jakarta.
Education and career
Enembe was a native of Papua region. He was born in Tolikara district of the province on July 27, 1967, to Tagolenggawak Enembe and Deyaknobukwe Enumbi.
According to information provided on the website of the Papua provincial government, Enembe attended a Christian elementary school in Tolikara and graduated in 1980 before continuing his studies at Public
After completing school, Enembe decided to migrate to North Sulawesi’s capital, Manado, to pursue higher education. He passed out of the Social and Political Science Strategy Department of the Faculty of Social and
During his college years, Enembe was an active member of several student organizations. He once served in the Student Senate of FISIP and as chair of North Sulawesi's Jayawijaya (Papua) Student Organization
Following his graduation, he began his government career as an employee at the Social and Political Affairs Office of Merauke district in 1996. The following year, he was officially appointed as a civil servant at the office.
In 1998, he moved to Australia to continue his studies at Cornerstone College. After finishing his studies in three years, he returned to Indonesia to start his political career.
At the dawn of his political journey, Enembe served as an adviser to several political parties in the Central Highlands region, which is currently part of Highland Papua and Central Papua provinces.
His career rocketed after he managed to secure the post of deputy head of Puncak Jaya district, Central Papua province, for the 2001–2006 term, accompanying Elieser Renmaur. He rose to the top leadership position in
Enembe reached the peak of his political career when he was elected as the governor of Papua in 2013. He held the mantle for two terms, serving until early 2023.
Corruption and death
From late 2022, Enembe started making headlines on local and national mass media over his alleged involvement in bribery and gratification cases linked to a number of infrastructure projects in Papua province.
On January 10 this year, the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) arrested him in Jayapura city. He was flown to Jakarta via Manado shortly thereafter. The following day, the KPK announced Enembe’s detention.
His health continued to deteriorate while undergoing a series of trials in Jakarta. One day after the arrest, the KPK confirmed that the former governor required vital medical examination and treatments at the army hospital.
Enembe’s detention was occasionally interrupted by treatments at the hospital. During trials at the Corruption Court of Central Jakarta, he was seen using a wheelchair.
In view of Enembe’s health, the panel of judges once sought a second opinion from the Indonesian Medical Association (IDI). Based on examinations conducted by IDI, he was declared fit to undergo trials.
However, the association informed that Enembe had a history of non-hemorrhagic stroke with sequelae, diabetes mellitus type two, hypertension, coronary heart disease without signs of heart failure, and a chronic kidney problem.
On October 19, the Corruption Court of Central Jakarta sentenced Enembe to eight years in prison and awarded him a fine of Rp500 million (US$32.3 thousand), or an additional sentence of four months behind
He was also directed to pay about Rp19.7 billion (US$1.2 million) in compensation, or face a subsidiary penalty of two years in prison. The court’s verdict also deprived Enembe of his right to get elected to public
However, in the next trial on December 7, the Jakarta Court of Appeal decided to increase Enembe's sentence to 10 years in prison, a fine of Rp1 billion (US$64.7 billion), and asked him to pay compensation
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